الجمعة، 13 سبتمبر 2013

Climate change ... Slow death for the planet

Climate change ... Slow death for the planet

Network news: The problem of climate change, one of the biggest problems that threaten many countries of the world, they are , according to some experts the direct cause of the occurrence of natural disasters increasingly taking place in the planet , including the level of rainfall, storms , floods, drought and high temperatures , where some reports indicate that the temperature the earth will rise by 4 degrees Celsius for normal levels by the end of this century due to this growing problem , especially with the absence of plans of treatment, and in this regard, the researchers cautioned against the imposition of climate contemporary great pressure on systems environment on the planet, and it will have a lot of races that are subject to behavioral changes the evolutionary and geography in order to adapt and survive , if the current pace continues . The climate change that the world today is witnessing the fastest pace in 65 million years .
Said Noah Devinbog Institute of Woods at Stanford University Pkalaforneanaraf of past changes to environmental regulations responded to some degrees of climate change over thousands of years , but the path is unprecedented today, leads to get this change over the decades only , threatening the courtyard of objects that do not they can change their behavior , as it is much faster than the last times .
He added Devinbog there two essential differences between ecosystems in the coming decades compared to the past geological , one of rapid change in the contemporary climate , and the presence of a lot of human factors that did not exist 55 million years ago . The researchers said that the pace of climate change today is ten times faster than it was 65 million years ago . They pointed out that greenhouse gases in the Earth system sent due to human activity may not go away effect and will continue to influence climate change , but the end result about what the climate will be like at the end of the 21st century is associated with the human will do .
Besides A study published recently in the journal Science that climate change historically been associated with violent conflict between individuals and groups, especially as the current patterns of global warming could increase the conflict by mid-century . The researchers found that the link between conflict and climate changes in the past, could constitute evidence that the risk of conflicts between groups in the world may swell by 50 per cent by the year 2050 .
He said the supervisor of the study and a researcher at the University of California, Solomon هسيانغ - If this link to change how we think about the value of avoiding climate change , and we are taking steps in how to invest the need to avoid global warming. The researchers explained that research on climate change and violence began to spread since recent years , where 78 per cent of the studies included in the research has been published since 2009.
The study showed that baptized هسيانغ and his team through in - depth research on civilizations since 10 thousand years BC, that the hyperthermia associated with aggressive behaviors harmless , serious and aggressive behaviors such as domestic violence , assault, and rape. Also, the study pointed out that the police use force even more because of the increased heat.
The conflict is also linked to heavy rainfall , particularly in the communities that depend on agriculture. The study showed that higher rates of personal violence cases are in low-income communities , where income depends on agriculture, which may suffer from wet or dry conditions too. The هسيانغ said the climatic conditions that contributed to the decline of civilizations in all of Central America and China look like as a result of the phenomenon of the southern El Nino frequency .
 According to a study published هسيانغ earlier , the results indicated that the " El Nino played a role in 21 per cent of civil conflicts since 1950 until 2004. Explained evidence that the poorest countries in the tropics , such as Sudan and Rwanda, were the most affected. and found هسيانغ and his colleagues that conflicts between groups increased by 14 per cent, and interpersonal violence increased by 4 per cent, with any deviation in climate change. , according to CNN .
In the same context , the impact of climate change and heavy rains on economic output and food prices , which in turn affect not feel satisfied , and riots , as well as the displacement of populations , which could lead to conflicts over resources. It is noteworthy that a report published earlier , he pointed out that security challenges will increase in connection with the U.S. Navy and Coast Guard , if trends continue in the temperate climate change .
The next thirty years
 On the other hand , despite efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, under the ground in the next thirty years from the heat waves are inevitable , according to the study published in the Journal of Syantevik Anvirnmntal Research in Letters . And said Diem Como researcher from the Potsdam Institute for Climate " until the year 2040 , will increase the frequency of extreme heat waves regardless of the degree of emissions of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.
He said Cuomo , who conducted the study with researcher Alexander Robinson, in turn , will result in efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from reducing heat waves in the second half of the twenty - first century . It is anticipated that the exceptional heat waves, high levels equivalent to those that hit Europe in 2003 and the United States in the year 2012 , but will be extended in the year 2020 on the space equivalent to 10% of the Earth's surface . In the year 2040, will be 20% of the planet under the influence of these waves . According to Agence France Presse .
After that date , it will be linked to the level of emissions of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. If emissions were few , the heat waves will decline. This means that the heat waves will become the usual climate in the tropics in the last century, the problem of 50 % of the summer in South America and West Africa and 20% of Western Europe. In the case of continued rise in greenhouse gas emissions , 85 % of the planet will be subject to severe heat waves 3 sigma degree , and 60% will be subject to the harshest waves of 5- Sigma. And According to Diem Como , these climate changes could be having a devastating effect on society and biodiversity , causing deaths due to the heat , forest fires , and losses in agricultural production .
The record melting of ice
Meanwhile, the latest annual report showed the U.S. Agency for Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA ) that the year 2012 was among the hottest ten years in the world with a record melting of polar ice and unprecedented emissions of carbon dioxide . Said Catherine O'Sullivan Director of the Agency NOAA acting through the submission report heat our planet continue to rise , adding that a large number of observations in the year 2012 confirms the tendency over the long term , such as disturbing increase in greenhouse gas emissions for greenhouse gases and the high level of the oceans and melting of polar ice . "
Different measurements showed that the year 2012 was the eighth or ninth year in the classification of more years, free to the world since 1850. The report said last year was the highest heat 0.14 to 0.17 degrees of average temperature recorded during the period from 1981 to 2010 . The ten hottest years all located after the year 1998 , the year in which the phenomenon was the strong El Niño too much on what the scientists explained .
This continuous warming in the world has led to an unprecedented melting of ice in the Arctic last year. Vmsahat ice in the frozen Arctic Ocean fell to an unprecedented level during the summer since the start of the surveillance operations via satellite 34 years ago. It fell to 3.41 million square kilometers , less by 18 % from the previous record decline in 2007.
Greenland's ice cover fell to a record low in July 2012 while 97 % of the area of indicators showed melting ice . She Jackie Richer Mngue a civil engineer in the U.S. Army who participated in the report , " The temperature in the Arctic more than twice faster than the rest of the world ."
Snow cover in the northern half of the hemisphere also scored an unprecedented low levels .
The level of the oceans also end record year 2012 after he scored a significant decrease in the first six months of 2011 due to the phenomenon of cold current in the Pacific " La Niña ." The level rises oceans 3.2 Malmtrut the year twenty years ago on what scientists stressed .
However Artfaa the temperatures that lead to the evaporation of the strongest increase of salinity in the ocean water in the phenomenon began in 2004 on what is stated in the report. The warming coincided inherent in the world in 2012 with a new rise in carbon dioxide emissions from fossil sources of energy and the production of cement . Has reached a record level last year with 9.7 billion tons. This was reflected in a rise in the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere has been exceeded in the spring of 2012 for the first time the threshold for dangerous 400 ppm in seven of the Arctic observatories of 13. According to Agence France Presse .
In encouraging results , the climate remained stable at the South Pole during the year 2012 . فمساحة ice reached a record level in September 2012 since 1978 on what is stated in the report of the agency NOAA who participated in the preparation 380 scientists from 52 countries. Year 2012 did not witness an increase in stormy tropical storm with 84 Altogether , less than the annual average of 89 between 1981 and 2010.
Cry of distress
In the same context , is seeking the South Pacific to explaining largest countries responsible for pollution in the world and their presence in the Pacific is now threatened because of climate change , in the conference brings together countries of the Pacific . And the complexity of this session of the Pacific Islands Forum in the Marshall Islands , and is seeking to re- move the international efforts in the fight against global warming and rising ocean levels . Tony Debrm said Vice-President of the Marshall Islands want to This conference is a powerful cry .
He added that the neighboring countries of the Pacific Ocean cause more than 60 % of greenhouse gas emissions in the world, and this percentage is on the rise , we are in a fierce battle against climate change. And suffer Islands, Tuvalu , Kiribati and Marshall as real danger that some areas are located below sea level , which makes the risk of rising ocean levels and realistic and anticipated in the foreseeable future .
Said Marshall Islands Foreign Minister Phillip Muller has inundated our airport waves in recent times , and we are seeing a surge in the erosion of many of the areas , in addition to drought in other areas due to climate change . Authorities are considering the Kiribati Islands mass migration , before plunging their country into the water , but it seems that the residents of the Marshall Islands totaling 55 thousand do not want to face this fate, and become environmental refugees .
The minister said , "We hope not to have to leave, It's an option we do not want to force it , we want to do our best to know whether our islands viable , so we ask our friends all over the world to take swift action . Intends countries Forum to send a message in this regard to the world by UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon .
Earlier study showed that the effects of climate change may affect 10% of the inhabitants of the earth by the year 2100 . The study is published in the Journal of the American Academy of Sciences , organizers have identified the " hot points " of life will be affected greatly by climate warming caused by greenhouse gas emissions. These effects will reach agriculture, health, biodiversity and access to water sources. These results will be inevitable on the planet unless collaborating countries are striving to reduce greenhouse gas emissions caused by human activity , and the illusion of carbon dioxide .
Record scores
 On the other hand the meteorological service said that Britain was experiencing the most severe heat wave since July 2006 . Temperatures recorded the highest rates in a number of places in Britain, where the temperature reached 33.3 degrees Celsius , and is expected to temperatures up to 34 degrees Celsius . The highest recorded temperature Britain is 32.2 C in Hampton Trorx the south-west of London. As temperatures exceeded rates in West London and the British Syrian areas where recorded 33 degrees Celsius, and will continue to rise , as confirmed by the weather service center .
The cause heat in the Midlands and East Anglia and the north-east Wales in a light rain accompanied by thunder , with possibility Htoulh on the North London area at a later time . He said, " began to rise in temperatures in the to subside unit , is he warm depressions , and this creates a turbulent atmosphere . Added air tends to moderation , due to the fact that warm air is less dense than cold air, warm air rises .
He said once the air becomes saturated , starting in formation of clouds , and the result is an isolated storms leading to heavy rains and flooding caused where found . He added that some areas in Britain escaped from the warm air , where he witnessed the North East of England and South-East Scotland cold weather and thick clouds .
The warning system of record heat waves of the British meteorological device level III , or refers to " an anti - warm wave " - Recalling a probability of 90 per cent to a heatwave . Recall that during the four years since the introduction of the system, Unrecorded device Meteorological capital is highest fourth level - which is the level of " emergency."
In the same context Shanghai recorded record temperatures not seen since at least 140 years what caused the death of ten of the population at least , as a medical official said . The heat wave this does not include the economic capital of China only , but it affects a number of provinces in the center and east of the country , where authorities have warned that temperatures could rise to 41 degrees Celsius limits . In Shanghai , the temperature reached 39.8 degrees Celsius , which is the highest , according to meteorological devices .
He spent at least ten people suddenly due to heat Lang also announced Gangmhiseng health services spokesman in the city. The heat wave sparked this population frequenting public swimming pools already overcrowded and in a normal day . And published the Chinese media , especially photo taken in Sichuan province in the entertainment center called the Dead Sea in China, where hundreds of visitors crammed with jackets floating in the swimming pool one. In other areas such as the city Bignan a restaurant طاولاته the transfer to the bank of the river so that customers can eat lunch and legs in the water.
Meanwhile, a scientific study showed that temperatures in Brazil could rise by between three and six degrees by the year 2100 , a phenomenon that exacerbates the effects of the lack of rain . And can lead this rise in temperature to influence the large rivers in Brazil, groundwater and drinking water sources , according to the report. The report is supposed to keep the levels of greenhouse gas emissions are high.
In the Amazon , for example , temperatures are expected to rise six degrees by the year 2100 , and could fall rain 45% . It would continue to deforestation and burning of trees lead to a radical change in the hydrological cycle of the Amazon jungle , فيطول the duration of the dry season , and it changes the distribution of rainfall in the country . Tarcillo said Ambrizi a researcher at the University of Sao Paulo in the event we do not change the proportion of current emissions of greenhouse gases (which raises the ground temperature ) , the temperature of the country will rise by one degree over thirty years . According to Agence France Presse .
It may be for that matter the repercussions on the agricultural sector and the production of energy in Brazil , ie , the GDP of the country. The report estimated the value of the economic losses that may result from this rise in temperature by about three billion dollars a year by 2020 . In this context , it is estimated that the cultivation of soy lose 20% of their productivity in seven years , and 24 % by the year 2050 . And participated in the preparation of this study 350 Brasilia researcher .
IT news network - Thursday 12 / September / 2013 - 5 / November / 1434

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